Argentine Republic República Argentina (Spanish) Indigenous and regional names Guaraní Arahentína Tavakuairetã Mapudungun Arkentina ñi Repüwlika Quechua Arjintina Ripuwlika Welsh Gweriniaeth yr Ariannin
Flag Coat of arms
Motto: En unión y libertad "In Union and Freedom"
Anthem: Himno Nacional Argentino "Argentine National Anthem"
Sol de Mayo[1] "Sun of May"
Location of Argentina   Territory claimed but not controlled Show globe Show map of Argentina
Capital and largest city	Buenos Aires 34°36′S 58°23′W / 34.600°S 58.383°W / -34.600; -58.383
National language	Spanish[a]
Regional languages	Guaraní in Corrientes[2] Quechua in Santiago del Estero[3] Qom, Mocoví, and Wichí in Chaco[4]
Religion (2019)[5]	79.6% Christianity 18.9% no religion 1.3% others 0.3% unspecified
Demonyms	Argentine Argentinian Argentinean
Government	Federal presidential republic
• President	Javier Milei
• Vice President	Victoria Villarruel
• Chief of the Cabinet of Ministers	Diego Santilli
• President of the Chamber of Deputies	Martín Menem
• President of Supreme Court	Horacio Rosatti
Legislature	National Congress
• Upper house	Chamber of Senators
• Lower house	Chamber of Deputies
Independence  from Spain
• May Revolution	25 May 1810
• Declared	9 July 1816
• Constitution	1 May 1853
Area
• Total	2,780,085[6][7] km2 (1,073,397 sq mi)[A] (8th)
• Water (%)	1.57
Population
• 2025 estimate	46,735,004[8] (33rd)
• 2022 census	46,044,703[9] (32nd)
• Density	16.8/km2 (43.5/sq mi) (214th)
GDP (PPP)	2026 estimate
• Total	$1.591 trillion[10] (30th)
• Per capita	$33,187[10] (68th)
GDP (nominal)	2026 estimate
• Total	$688.378 billion[10] (26th)
• Per capita	$14,357[10] (66th)
Gini (2022)	40.7[11] medium inequality
HDI (2023)	0.865[12] very high (47th)
Currency	Argentine peso ($) (ARS)
Time zone	UTC– 03:00 (ART)
Date format	dd/mm/yyyy (CE)
Calling code	+54
ISO 3166 code	AR
Internet TLD	.ar
^ Though not declared official de jure, the Spanish language is the only one used in the wording of laws, decrees, resolutions, official documents and public acts thus making it the de facto official language.

Argentina,^[B] officially the Argentine Republic,^[C][D] is a country in the Southern Cone of South America. It covers an area of 2,780,085 km² (1,073,397 mi²),^[A] making it the second-largest country in South America after Brazil, the fourth-largest country in the Americas, and the eighth-largest country in the world. Argentina shares the bulk of the Southern Cone with Chile to the west, and is also bordered by Bolivia and Paraguay to the north, Brazil to the northeast, Uruguay and the South Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Drake Passage to the south. Argentina is a federal state subdivided into twenty-three provinces, and one autonomous city, which is the federal capital and largest city of the nation, Buenos Aires. The provinces and the capital have their own constitutions, but exist under a federal system. Argentina claims sovereignty over the Falkland Islands, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, the Southern Patagonian Ice Field, and a part of Antarctica.

The earliest recorded human presence in modern-day Argentina dates back to the Paleolithic period.^[14][15] The Inca Empire expanded to the northwest of the country in pre-Columbian times. The modern country has its roots in Spanish colonisation of the region during the 16th century.^[16] Argentina rose as the successor state of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata,^[17] a Spanish overseas viceroyalty founded in 1776. The Argentine Declaration of Independence on July 9 of 1816 and the Argentine War of Independence (1810–1825) were followed by an extended civil war that lasted until 1880, culminating in the country's reorganisation as a federation. The country thereafter enjoyed relative peace and stability, with several subsequent waves of European immigration, mainly of Italians and Spaniards, influencing its culture and demography.^{[18][19][20][21]}

The National Autonomist Party dominated national politics in the period called the Conservative Republic, from 1880 until the 1916 elections. The Great Depression led to the first coup d'état in 1930 led by José Félix Uriburu, beginning the so-called "Infamous Decade" (1930–1943). After that coup, four more followed in 1943, 1955, 1962, and 1966. Following the death of President Juan Perón in 1974, his widow and vice president, Isabel Perón, ascended to the presidency, before being overthrown in the final coup in 1976. The following military junta persecuted and murdered thousands of political critics, activists, and leftists in the Dirty War, a period of state terrorism and civil unrest that lasted until the election of Raúl Alfonsín as president in 1983.

Argentina is a regional power, and retains its historic status as a middle power in international affairs.^[22][23][24] A major non-NATO ally of the United States,^[25] Argentina is a developing country with the second-highest HDI (human development index) in Latin America after Chile.^[26] Its economy is the second-largest in South America, and it is a member of G-15 and G20. Argentina is also a founding member of the United Nations, World Bank, World Trade Organization, Mercosur, Community of Latin American and Caribbean States and the Organization of Ibero-American States.

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