Self-esteem is confidence in one's own worth, abilities, or morals. Self-esteem encompasses beliefs about oneself (for example, "I am loved", "I am worthy") as well as emotional states, such as triumph, despair, pride, and shame.^[1] Smith and Mackie define it by saying "The self-concept is what we think about the self; self-esteem, is the positive or negative evaluations of the self, as in how we feel about it (see self)."^[2]

The construct of self-esteem has been shown to be a desirable one in psychology, as it is associated with a variety of positive outcomes, such as academic achievement,^[3][4] relationship satisfaction,^[5] happiness,^[6] and lower rates of criminal behavior. The benefits of high self-esteem are thought to include improved mental and physical health, and less anti-social behavior^[7] while drawbacks of low self-esteem have been found to be anxiety, loneliness, and increased vulnerability to substance abuse.^[8]

Self-esteem can apply to a specific attribute or globally. Psychologists usually regard self-esteem as an enduring personality characteristic (trait self-esteem), though normal, short-term variations (state self-esteem) also exist. Synonyms or near-synonyms of self-esteem include: self-worth,^[9] self-regard,^[10] self-respect,^[11][12] and self-integrity.

Several studies suggest that socially engaged activities can improve adolescents’ self-esteem, mental well-being, and overall health. These include volunteering, leadership programs, and participation in youth councils.^{[13][14][15][16][17][18]} In most cases, this positive association depends on participation being voluntary rather than compulsory.^[19] Youth volunteering has also been linked to higher income in adulthood.^[19]