Federal Republic of Germany Bundesrepublik Deutschland
Flag Coat of arms
Anthem: "Das Lied der Deutschen"[a] The Song of the Germans
Germany on the globe centred on Europe Show map of the European Union
Capital and largest city	Berlin[b] 52°31′N 13°23′E / 52.517°N 13.383°E / 52.517; 13.383
Official languages	German[c]
Demonym(s)	German
Government	Federal parliamentary republic
• President	Frank-Walter Steinmeier
• Chancellor	Friedrich Merz
Legislature	Bundestag Bundesrat
Area
• Total	357,114 km2 (137,882 sq mi)[5][6] (63rd)
• Water (%)	1.27[4]
Population
• Q1 2025 estimate	83,517,030[7]
• 2022 census	82,719,540[8] (19th)
• Density	234/km2 (606.1/sq mi) (63rd)
GDP (PPP)	2025 estimate
• Total	$6.161 trillion[9] (6th)
• Per capita	$72,599[9] (19th)
GDP (nominal)	2025 estimate
• Total	$4.745 trillion[9] (3rd)
• Per capita	$55,911[9] (17th)
Gini (2023)	29.4[10] low inequality
HDI (2023)	0.959[11] very high (5th)
Currency	Euro (€) (EUR)
Time zone	UTC+1 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+2 (CEST)
Date format	Day, month, year Year, month, day
Calling code	+49
ISO 3166 code	DE
Internet TLD	.de

Germany,^[d] officially the Federal Republic of Germany,^[e] is a country in Central Europe. It lies between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea to the north and the Alps to the south. Its sixteen constituent states have a total population of over 82 million, making it the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany borders Denmark to the north; Poland and the Czech Republic to the east; Austria and Switzerland to the south; and France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands to the west. The nation's capital and most populous city is Berlin and its main financial centre is Frankfurt; the largest urban area is the Ruhr.

Settlement in the territory of modern Germany began in the Lower Paleolithic, with various tribes inhabiting it from the Neolithic onward, chiefly the Celts, with Germanic tribes inhabiting the north. Romans named the area Germania. In 962, the Kingdom of Germany formed the bulk of the Holy Roman Empire. During the 16th century, northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation. Following the Napoleonic Wars and the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, the German Confederation was formed in 1815.

Unification of Germany into the modern nation-state, led by Prussia, established the German Empire in 1871. After World War I and a revolution, the Empire was replaced by the Weimar Republic. The Nazi rise to power in 1933 led to the establishment of a totalitarian dictatorship, World War II, and the Holocaust. In 1949, after the war and Allied occupation, Germany was organised into two separate polities with limited sovereignty: the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), or West Germany, and the German Democratic Republic (GDR), or East Germany. The FRG was a founding member of the European Economic Community in 1951, while the GDR was a communist Eastern Bloc state and member of the Warsaw Pact. After the fall of the communist led-government in East Germany, German reunification saw the former East German states join the FRG on 3 October 1990.

Germany is a developed country with a strong economy; it has the largest economy in Europe by nominal GDP. As a major force in several industrial, scientific and technological sectors, Germany is both the world's third-largest exporter and third-largest importer. Widely considered a great power, Germany is part of multiple international organisations and forums. It has the third-highest number of UNESCO World Heritage Sites: 55, of which 52 are cultural.

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