Dorothy Hodgkin OM FRS HonFRSC
Born	Dorothy Mary Crowfoot (1910-05-12)12 May 1910 Cairo, Egypt
Died	29 July 1994(1994-07-29) (aged 84) Ilmington, Warwickshire, England
Education	Somerville College, Oxford (BA) University of Cambridge (PhD)
Known for	Development of protein crystallography Determining the structure of insulin
Spouse	Thomas Lionel Hodgkin ​ ​ (m. 1937; died 1982)​
Children	3
Parent(s)	John Winter Crowfoot Grace Mary Hood
Awards	Royal Medal (1956) Nobel Prize in Chemistry (1964) Order of Merit (1965) Copley Medal (1976) Dalton Medal (1981) Lomonosov Gold Medal (1982)
Scientific career
Fields	Biochemistry X-ray crystallography
Thesis	X-ray crystallography and the chemistry of the sterols (1937)
Doctoral advisor	J. D. Bernal[1]
Doctoral students	Judith Howard[2][3][4] Michael N. G. James[5][6]
Other notable students	Jack D. Dunitz (postdoc)[5] Margaret Thatcher (undergraduate)[7] Tom Blundell (postdoc)[8] Guy Dodson (postdoc)[9] June Lindsey (postdoc)

Dorothy Mary Crowfoot Hodgkin OM FRS HonFRSC^[9][10] (née Crowfoot; 12 May 1910 – 29 July 1994) was an English chemist who advanced the technique of X-ray crystallography to determine the structure of biomolecules, which became essential for structural biology.^[9][11] She received the 1964 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, and is the only British woman scientist to have been awarded a Nobel Prize.

Among her most influential discoveries are the confirmation of the structure of penicillin as previously surmised by Edward Abraham and Ernst Boris Chain; and mapping the structure of vitamin B₁₂, for which in 1964 she became the third woman to win the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Hodgkin also elucidated the structure of insulin in 1969 after 35 years of work.^[12]

Hodgkin used the name "Dorothy Crowfoot" until twelve years after marrying Thomas Lionel Hodgkin, when she began using "Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin". Hodgkin is referred to as "Dorothy Hodgkin" by the Royal Society (when referring to its sponsorship of the Dorothy Hodgkin fellowship), and by Somerville College. The National Archives of the United Kingdom refer to her as "Dorothy Mary Crowfoot Hodgkin". The case of her Nobel prize is inscribed 'Crowfoot Hodgkin'.