Kingdom of Spain Reino de España (Spanish) 7 other names[a] Aragonese: Reino d'Espanya Asturian: Reinu d'España Catalan: Regne d'Espanya Basque: Espainiako Erresuma Galician: Reino de España Occitan: Reiaume d'Espanha Valencian: Regne d'Espanya
Flag Coat of arms
Motto: Plus ultra (Latin) (English: 'Further Beyond')
Anthem: Marcha Real (Spanish)[1] (English: 'Royal March')
Show globe Show map of Europe   Location of Spain   Spain within the European Union   De jure non-self-governing territory[b]
Capital and largest city	Madrid 40°26′N 3°42′W / 40.433°N 3.700°W / 40.433; -3.700
Official language	Spanish[c][d]
Nationality (2025)[8]	85.6% Spanish 14.4% foreigners
Religion (2025)[9]	58.6% Roman Catholicism 40% non-practicing Catholic 18.6% practicing Catholic 13.3% atheist 11.7% indifferent or no religion 11.1% agnostic 3.6% other religion 1.7% unanswered
Demonyms	Spaniard Spanish
Government	Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy
• Monarch	Felipe VI
• Prime Minister	Pedro Sánchez
• President of the Congress of Deputies	Francina Armengol
• President of the Senate	Pedro Rollán
Legislature	Cortes Generales
• Upper house	Senate
• Lower house	Congress of Deputies
Formation
• Dynastic union	20 January 1479
• Sole sovereign	14 March 1516
• Centralised state	9 June 1715
• First constitution	19 March 1812
• Current constitution	29 December 1978
Area
• Total	506,030[10] km2 (195,380 sq mi) (50th)
• Water (%)	0.89[11]
Population
• 2025 estimate	49,442,844[8] (31st)
• Density	98/km2 (253.8/sq mi) (116th)
GDP (PPP)	2025 estimate
• Total	$2.829 trillion[12] (15th)
• Per capita	$56,888[12] (35th)
GDP (nominal)	2025 estimate
• Total	$1.891 trillion[12] (12th)
• Per capita	$38,040[12] (31st)
Gini (2024)	31.2[13] medium inequality
HDI (2023)	0.918[14] very high (28th)
Currency	Euro[e] (€) (EUR)
Time zone	UTC⁠±0 to +1 (WET and CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+1 to +2 (WEST and CEST)
	Note: most of Spain observes CET/CEST, except the Canary Islands which observe WET/WEST.
Date format	DD/MM/YYYY
Calling code	+34
ISO 3166 code	ES
Internet TLD	.es[f]

Spain,^[g] officially the Kingdom of Spain,^[h] is a country in Southern and Western Europe with territories in North Africa.^[i] Featuring the southernmost point of continental Europe, it is the largest country in Southern Europe and the fourth-most populous European Union (EU) member state. Spanning the majority of the Iberian Peninsula, its territory also includes the Canary Islands, in the Eastern Atlantic Ocean, the Balearic Islands, in the Western Mediterranean Sea, and the autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla, in mainland Africa. Peninsular Spain is bordered to the north by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; to the east and south by the Mediterranean Sea and Gibraltar; and to the west by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean. Spain's capital and largest city is Madrid; other major urban areas include Barcelona, Valencia, Seville, Zaragoza, Málaga, Murcia, and Palma de Mallorca.

In early antiquity, the Iberian Peninsula was inhabited by Celts, Iberians, and other pre-Roman peoples. The Roman conquest of the Iberian peninsula created the province of Hispania, which became deeply Romanised and later Christianised. After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, the peninsula was conquered by tribes from Central Europe, among them the Visigoths, who established the Visigothic Kingdom centred on Toledo. In the early 8th century, most of the peninsula was conquered by the Umayyad Caliphate, with Al-Andalus centred on Córdoba. The northern Christian kingdoms of Iberia launched the so-called Reconquista, gradually repelling and ultimately expelling Islamic rule from the peninsula, culminating with the fall of the Nasrid Kingdom of Granada. The dynastic union of the Crown of Castile and the Crown of Aragon in 1479 under the Catholic Monarchs is often seen as the de facto unification of Spain as a nation state.

During the Age of Discovery, Spain led the exploration and conquest of the New World, completed the first circumnavigation of the globe, and established one of the largest empires in history, which spanned all continents and fostered a global trade system driven by precious metals. In the 18th century, the Nueva Planta decrees centralised Spain under the Bourbons, strengthening royal authority. The 19th century witnessed the victorious Peninsular War (1808–1814) against Napoleonic forces and the loss of most American colonies amid liberal–absolutist conflicts. These struggles culminated in the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) and the Francoist dictatorship (1939–1975). With the restoration of democracy and entry into the EU, Spain experienced a major economic boom and social transformation. Since the Spanish Golden Age (Siglo de Oro), Spanish culture has been influential worldwide, particularly in Western Europe and the Americas. The Spanish language is spoken by more than 600 million Hispanophones, making it the world's second-most spoken native language and the most widely spoken Romance language. Spain is the world's second-most visited country, hosts one of the largest numbers of World Heritage Sites, and is the most popular destination for European students.

Spain is a secular parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy, with King Felipe VI as head of state. A developed country, Spain has a high nominal per capita income globally, and its advanced economy ranks among the largest in the world. It is also the fourth-largest economy in the EU. Spain is considered a regional power with a cultural influence that extends beyond its borders, and continues to promote its cultural value through participation in multiple international organisations and forums, as well as a key actor in the relations between Europe and Latin America due to its past history.^[16][17][18]

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